Cell Division

On a 2D mesh

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import json
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import ipyvolume as ipv
%matplotlib inline

from tyssue import Sheet, config


from tyssue.geometry.planar_geometry import PlanarGeometry as geom
from tyssue.solvers.quasistatic import QSSolver
from tyssue.dynamics.planar_vertex_model import PlanarModel as model

from tyssue.draw import sheet_view
from tyssue.stores import load_datasets

from tyssue.topology.sheet_topology import remove_face, cell_division

solver = QSSolver()
sheet = Sheet.planar_sheet_2d('division', 6, 6, 1, 1)
sheet.sanitize(trim_borders=True, order_edges=True)
geom.update_all(sheet)

sheet.get_opposite()

# ## Set up the model
nondim_specs = config.dynamics.quasistatic_plane_spec()
dim_model_specs = model.dimensionalize(nondim_specs)
sheet.update_specs(dim_model_specs, reset=True)

print("Number of cells: {}\n"
      "          edges: {}\n"
      "          vertices: {}\n".format(sheet.Nf, sheet.Ne, sheet.Nv))

# ## Minimize energy
res = solver.find_energy_min(sheet, geom, model)

# ## View the result
draw_specs = config.draw.sheet_spec()
draw_specs['vert']['visible'] = False
draw_specs['edge']['head_width'] = 0.1
fig, ax = sheet_view(sheet, **draw_specs)
fig.set_size_inches(12, 5)

Reseting column is_alive of the face dataset with new specs
Reseting column ux of the edge dataset with new specs
Reseting column uy of the edge dataset with new specs
Reseting column is_active of the vert dataset with new specs
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

Number of cells: 20
          edges: 100
          vertices: 38

daughter = cell_division(sheet, 7, geom, angle=np.pi/2)

res = solver.find_energy_min(sheet, geom, model)
print(res['success'])

fig, ax = sheet_view(sheet, **draw_specs)
fig.set_size_inches(12, 5)

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

True

Division in a 3D single layer epithelium

from tyssue.io.hdf5 import save_datasets, load_datasets
# redefine cell_division from monolayer related topology module
from tyssue.topology.monolayer_topology import cell_division

from tyssue.core.monolayer import Monolayer
from tyssue.geometry.bulk_geometry import ClosedMonolayerGeometry as monolayer_geom
from tyssue.dynamics.bulk_model import ClosedMonolayerModel
from tyssue.draw import highlight_cells

datasets = load_datasets('data/small_ellipsoid.hf5',
                         data_names=['vert', 'edge',
                                     'face', 'cell'])

specs = config.geometry.bulk_spec()
monolayer = Monolayer('ell', datasets, specs)
monolayer_geom.update_all(monolayer)

specs = {
    "edge": {
        "line_tension": 0.0,
    },
    "face": {
        "contractility": 0.01,
    },
    "cell": {
        "prefered_vol": monolayer.cell_df['vol'].median(),
        "vol_elasticity": 0.1,
        "prefered_area": monolayer.cell_df['area'].median(),
        "area_elasticity": 0.1,
    },
    "settings": {
        'lumen_prefered_vol': monolayer.settings['lumen_vol'],
        'lumen_vol_elasticity': 1e-2

    }
}

monolayer.update_specs(specs, reset=True)

res = solver.find_energy_min(monolayer, monolayer_geom, ClosedMonolayerModel)

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))
Reseting column line_tension of the edge dataset with new specs
Reseting column contractility of the face dataset with new specs
Reseting column prefered_vol of the cell dataset with new specs
Reseting column vol_elasticity of the cell dataset with new specs

mother = 8
daughter = cell_division(monolayer, mother,
                         orientation='vertical')

monolayer.validate()

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

True

rho = np.linalg.norm(monolayer.vert_df[monolayer.coords], axis=1)
draw_specs['edge']['color'] = rho
draw_specs['face']['visible'] = True

ipv.clear()
highlight_cells(monolayer, mother, reset_visible=True)
fig, mesh = sheet_view(monolayer, mode="3D",
                    coords=['z', 'x', 'y'], **draw_specs)
fig

mother = 18
daughter = cell_division(monolayer, mother,
                         orientation='horizontal')
monolayer.validate()

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

True

rho = np.linalg.norm(monolayer.vert_df[monolayer.coords], axis=1)
draw_specs['edge']['color'] = rho
draw_specs['face']['visible'] = True
ipv.clear()
highlight_cells(monolayer, mother)
fig, mesh = sheet_view(monolayer, mode="3D",
                    coords=['z', 'x', 'y'], **draw_specs)
fig

Energy minimisation of the monolayer after division

monolayer.cell_df.loc[[mother, daughter], 'prefered_area'] /= 2
monolayer.cell_df.loc[[mother, daughter], 'prefered_vol'] /= 3
monolayer.settings['lumen_prefered_vol'] = monolayer.settings['lumen_vol']
monolayer.settings['lumen_vol_elasticity'] = 1e-2

res = solver.find_energy_min(monolayer, monolayer_geom, ClosedMonolayerModel)
print(res['message'])

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

b'CONVERGENCE: NORM_OF_PROJECTED_GRADIENT_<=_PGTOL'

rho = np.linalg.norm(monolayer.vert_df[monolayer.coords], axis=1)
draw_specs['edge']['color'] = rho
ipv.clear()
highlight_cells(monolayer, mother)
fig, mesh = sheet_view(monolayer, mode="3D",
                    coords=['z', 'x', 'y'], **draw_specs)
fig

from tyssue.generation import three_faces_sheet, extrude
from tyssue.geometry.bulk_geometry import MonoLayerGeometry


datasets_2d, _ = three_faces_sheet(zaxis=True)
datasets = extrude(datasets_2d, method='translation')
eptm = Monolayer('test_volume', datasets,
                 config.geometry.bulk_spec(),
                 coords=['x','y','z'])
#eptm.vert_df[eptm.coords] += np.random.normal(scale=1e-3,
#                                              size=eptm.vert_df[eptm.coords].shape)
MonoLayerGeometry.update_all(eptm)

for orientation in ['vertical', 'horizontal']:
    print(orientation)
    daughter = cell_division(eptm, 1,
                             orientation=orientation)
    eptm.reset_topo()
    eptm.reset_index()
    MonoLayerGeometry.update_all(eptm)
    print(f'Valid division for {orientation}:')
    print(eptm.validate()) #break

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

vertical

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

Valid division for vertical:
True
horizontal

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/tyssue/conda/stable/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tyssue/utils/utils.py:35: FutureWarning: Support for multi-dimensional indexing (e.g. `obj[:, None]`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.  Convert to a numpy array before indexing instead.
  df_nd = df[:, None]#np.asarray(df).repeat(ndim).reshape((df.size, ndim))

Valid division for horizontal:
True